About the Authors

Zhenyu Jia

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhenyu Jia, Michael B. Lilly

zjia@uakron.edu

Affiliations Department of Statistics, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, China, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America

Michael B. Lilly

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhenyu Jia, Michael B. Lilly

Affiliation Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

James A. Koziol

Affiliation College of Health, Human Services and Science, Ashford University, California, United States of America

Xin Chen

Affiliation Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Xiao-Qin Xia

Affiliation Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

Yipeng Wang

Affiliation AltheaDx Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America

Douglas Skarecky

Affiliation Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Manuel Sutton

Affiliation Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Anne Sawyers

Affiliation Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Herbert Ruckle

Affiliation Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America

Philip M. Carpenter

Affiliation Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Jessica Wang-Rodriguez

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jun Jiang

Affiliation Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, China

Mingsen Deng

Affiliation Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, China

Cong Pan

Affiliation Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, China

Jian-guo Zhu

Affiliations Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, China, Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China

Christine E. McLaren

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Michael J. Gurley

Affiliation Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Chung Lee

Affiliations Department of Statistics, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Michael McClelland

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Thomas Ahlering

Affiliation Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Michael W. Kattan

Affiliation Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Dan Mercola

Affiliation Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Yipeng Wang is employee of AltheaDx Inc., and Zhenyu Jia is a consultant for AltheaDx Inc. This does not alter the authors′ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZJ MBL DM. Performed the experiments: ZJ MBL. Analyzed the data: ZJ MBL JAK XC XQX YW MS AS HR PMC JWR JJ MD CP JGZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TA DS MJG CL. Wrote the paper: ZJ MBL CEM CL MM MWK DM.