About the Authors

Hui-Li Gan

ganhuili@hotmail.com

Affiliation Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China

Jian-Qun Zhang

Affiliation Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China

Qi-Wen Zhou

Affiliation Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China

Lei Feng

Affiliation Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China

Fei Chen

Affiliation Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China

Yi Yang

Affiliation Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: H-LG. Performed the experiments: H-LG J-QZ Q-WZ LF FC YY. Analyzed the data: H-LG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: H-LG. Carried out the shunt closure surgery: H-LG J-QZ Q-WZ LF FC YY. Designed the study and prepared the manuscript: H-LG. Read and approved the final manuscript: H-LG J-QZ Q-WZ LF FC YY.