About the Authors

André R. S. Périssé

aperisse@ensp.fiocruz.br

Affiliation Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Laura Smeaton

Affiliation Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yun Chen

Affiliation Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alberto La Rosa

Affiliation Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion - Barranco, Lima, Peru

Ann Walawander

Affiliation Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, New York, United States of America

Apsara Nair

Affiliation Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, New York, United States of America

Beatriz Grinsztejn

Affiliation Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Breno Santos

Affiliation Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Cecilia Kanyama

Affiliation Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi

James Hakim

Affiliation University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe

Mulinda Nyirenda

Affiliation Mulinda Nyirenda, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy

Affiliation YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India

Umesh G. Lalloo

Affiliation Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Timothy Flanigan

Affiliation Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Thomas B. Campbell

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Michael D. Hughes

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Thomas Campbell declares previously receiving payment for being an advisory board member for Gliead Sciences. Laura Smeaton declare being a paid data monitoring member for Pfizer. Michael Hughes declares previously being a paid data monitoring committee member for Boehringer Ingelheim, Medicines Development, Pfizer and Tibotec. All other authors have no potential conflicts of interest to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TBC TF NK JH. Performed the experiments: ALR AW AN BG BS CK MN NK UGL TF TBC. Analyzed the data: ARSP LS YC MDH. Wrote the paper: ARSP BG TBC MDH.