About the Authors
- John Macleod
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* Email: john.macleod@bristol.ac.uk
Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Lie Tang
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Affiliation Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- F. D. Richard Hobbs
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Affiliation Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Brian Wharton
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Affiliation Institutes of Child Health, University of London and University of Birmingham, London and Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Roger Holder
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Affiliation Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Shakir Hussain
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Affiliation Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Linda Nichols
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Affiliation Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Paul Stewart
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Affiliation Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Penny Clark
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Steve Luzio
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Affiliation College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Jeff Holly
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Affiliation School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- George Davey Smith
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Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JM FDRH BW PS GDS. Performed the experiments: JM LT. Analyzed the data: RH SH LN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PC SL JH. Wrote the manuscript: JM LT FDRH BW RH SH LN PS PC SL JH GDS. Advised on and supervised laboratory assays of insulin resistance and insulin like growth factors: PC SL JH. Designed and conducted the original Sorrento studies: BW.