About the Authors

I-Chien Wu

Affiliations Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan, Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

Hsing-Yi Chang

Affiliation Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan

Chih-Cheng Hsu

Affiliation Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan

Yen-Feng Chiu

Affiliation Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan

Shu-Han Yu

Affiliation Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Yi-Fen Tsai

Affiliation Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan

Shi-Chen Shen

Affiliation Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan

Ken N. Kuo

Affiliations Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Ching-Yu Chen

Affiliations Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Kiang Liu

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Marion M. Lee

Contributed equally to this work with: Marion M. Lee, Chao A. Hsiung

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Chao A. Hsiung

Contributed equally to this work with: Marion M. Lee, Chao A. Hsiung

hsiung@nhri.org.tw

Affiliation Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: I-CW H-YC MML CAH. Performed the experiments: I-CW H-YC C-CH Y-FC S-HY S-CS C-YC KL MML CAH. Analyzed the data: I-CW Y-FT MML CAH. Wrote the manuscript: I-CW MML CAH. Reviewed the manuscript and gave input to the final version: H-YC C-CH Y-FC S-HY S-CS KNK C-YC KL MML CAH. Supervised study: KL MML CAH.