About the Authors

Carrie L. Wade

Affiliations Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Pain Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Perry Krumenacher

Affiliations Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Pain Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Kelley F. Kitto

Affiliations Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Pain Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Cristina D. Peterson

Affiliations Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Pain Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

George L. Wilcox

Affiliations Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Pain Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Carolyn A. Fairbanks

carfair@umn.edu

Affiliations Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Pain Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CAF CLW GLW. Performed the experiments: CLW KFK PK CDP. Analyzed the data: CAF CLW GLW. Wrote the manuscript: CAF CLW GLW. Edited and reviewed the manuscript: CAF CLW GLW KFK PK CDP..