About the Authors

Mengcen Wang

Affiliation Graduate School of Agriculture & Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Makoto Hashimoto

Affiliation Graduate School of Agriculture & Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Yasuyuki Hashidoko

yasu-h@abs.agr.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Graduate School of Agriculture & Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YH MW. Performed the experiments: MW. Analyzed the data: MW YH MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YH. Wrote the paper: MW YH. Critical revision: YH.