About the Authors

Ryan R. E. Stanley

rstanley@mun.ca

Affiliation Ocean Sciences Centre and Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

Brad deYoung

Affiliation Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

Paul V. R. Snelgrove

Affiliation Ocean Sciences Centre and Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

Robert S. Gregory

Affiliation Ecological Sciences Section and Centre of Expertise for Aquatic Habitat Research, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RS PVRS BdY RSG. Performed the experiments: RS PVRS BdY RSG. Analyzed the data: RS BdY PVRS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RS BdY PVRS RSG. Wrote the paper: RS BdY PVRS RSG. Liason with DFO for boat time and field coordination: RSG.