About the Authors

Kensuke P. Watanabe

Contributed equally to this work with: Kensuke P. Watanabe, Yusuke K. Kawai

Affiliation Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yusuke K. Kawai

Contributed equally to this work with: Kensuke P. Watanabe, Yusuke K. Kawai

Affiliation Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yoshinori Ikenaka

Affiliation Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Minami Kawata

Affiliation Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Shin-Ichi Ikushiro

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama Prefecture, Japan

Toshiyuki Sakaki

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama Prefecture, Japan

Mayumi Ishizuka

ishizum@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KPW YKK YI MI. Performed the experiments: KPW MK. Analyzed the data: KPW YKK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KPW YKK YI SI TS MI. Wrote the manuscript: KPW YKK YI MI.