About the Authors

Linda Kalilani-Phiri

Affiliation Department of Community Heath, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Phillip C. Thesing

Affiliation Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Osward M. Nyirenda

Affiliation Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Patricia Mawindo

Affiliation Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Mwayi Madanitsa

Affiliation Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Gladys Membe

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Blair Wylie

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Abbey Masonbrink

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kingsley Makwakwa

Affiliation Department of Histopathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Steve Kamiza

Affiliation Department of Histopathology, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Atis Muehlenbachs

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Terrie E. Taylor

Affiliations Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Miriam K. Laufer

mlaufer@medicine.umaryland.edu

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development/HHMI, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LKP TET MKL. Performed the experiments: LKP PCT OMN PM MM GM BW Abbey Masonbrink MKL. Analyzed the data: LKP BW Abbey Masonbrink KM SK Atis Muehlenbachs MKL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BW Abbey Masonbrink Atis Muehlenbachs. Wrote the manuscript: LKP BW SK Atis Muehlenbachs TET MKL.