About the Authors

Jia-Xu Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Jia-Xu Chen, Mu-Xin Chen

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Mu-Xin Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Jia-Xu Chen, Mu-Xin Chen

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Lin Ai

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Xue-Nian Xu

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Jian-Ming Jiao

Affiliation The Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, the People’s Republic of China

Ting-Jun Zhu

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Hui-Yong Su

Affiliation The People’s Hospital of Dali Prefecture, Dali, the People’s Republic of China

Wei Zang

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Jia-Jun Luo

Affiliation Dali Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Dali, the People’s Republic of China

Yun-Hai Guo

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Shan Lv

lvshan000@126.com (SL); ipdzhouxn@sh163.net (XZ)

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Xiao-Nong Zhou

lvshan000@126.com (SL); ipdzhouxn@sh163.net (XZ)

Affiliations The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JXC MXC LA SL XNZ. Performed the experiments: JXC MXC LA SL XNX JMJ TJZ HYS WZ JJL YHG. Analyzed the data: JXC MXC LA SL XNX YHG XNZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JXC MXC LA SL XNX TJZ WZ YHG. Wrote the paper: JXC MXC LA SL XNZ.