About the Authors

Crystal M. Darby

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Helgi I. Ingólfsson

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Xiuju Jiang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Chun Shen

Affiliation Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Mingna Sun

Affiliation Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China

Nan Zhao

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Kristin Burns

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Gang Liu

Affiliations Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

Sabine Ehrt

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

J. David Warren

Affiliations Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Olaf S. Anderson

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Steven J. Brickner

Affiliation SJ Brickner Consulting, LLC, Ledyard, Connecticut, United States of America

Carl Nathan

cnathan@med.cornell.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CMD HII GL SE JDW OSA CN. Performed the experiments: CMD HII XJ MS CS. Analyzed the data: CMD HII XJ MS NZ KB GL SE JDW OSA SJB CN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HII MS GL OSA. Wrote the paper: CMD KB CN.