About the Authors

Robert Massom

R.Massom@utas.edu.au

Affiliations Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia

Philip Reid

Affiliation Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Sharon Stammerjohn

Affiliation Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Ben Raymond

Affiliations Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia

Alexander Fraser

Affiliation Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia

Shuki Ushio

Affiliation National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RM PR SS. Performed the experiments: RM PR BR SS. Analyzed the data: RM PR BR SS ADF SU. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RM PR BR SS ADF SU. Wrote the paper: RM PR BR SS ADF SU.