About the Authors

Rami Al Batran

Affiliation Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Fouad Al-Bayaty

Affiliation Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Mazen M. Jamil Al-Obaidi

Affiliation Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Abdualrahman Mohammed Abdualkader

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Hamid A. Hadi

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hapipah Mohd Ali

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mahmood Ameen Abdulla

ammeen@um.edu.my

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAA. Performed the experiments: RAB. Analyzed the data: AMA RAB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MMJ. Wrote the paper: FAB. Literature search: HMA HAH.