About the Authors

Philip W. Boyd

pboyd@chemistry.otago.ac.nz

Current address: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Affiliations NIWA Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand

Tatiana A. Rynearson

Affiliation Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America

Evelyn A. Armstrong

Affiliation NIWA Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Feixue Fu

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Kendra Hayashi

Affiliation University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Zhangxi Hu

Affiliation Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

David A. Hutchins

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Raphael M. Kudela

Affiliation University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Elena Litchman

Affiliation Michigan State University, Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, Michigan, United States of America

Margaret R. Mulholland

Affiliation Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Uta Passow

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

Robert F. Strzepek

Current address: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Kerry A. Whittaker

Affiliation Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America

Elizabeth Yu

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Mridul K. Thomas

Affiliation Michigan State University, Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PB RK UP EL TR DH MM. Performed the experiments: PB TR EA FF KH ZH DH RK EL MM UP RS KW EY MT. Analyzed the data: TR EL MT PB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PB TR EA FF KH ZH DH RK EL MM UP RS KW EY MT. Wrote the paper: PB RK UP EL TR DH MM.