About the Authors

Karen Shean

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Elizabeth Streicher

Affiliation DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Elize Pieterson

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Greg Symons

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Richard van Zyl Smit

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Grant Theron

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Rannakoe Lehloenya

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Xavier Padanilam

Affiliations Sizwe Tropical Diseases Hospital, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Paul Wilcox

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Tommie C. Victor

Affiliation DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Paul van Helden

Affiliation DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Martin Groubusch

Affiliations Sizwe Tropical Diseases Hospital, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Robin Warren

Affiliation DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Motasim Badri

Affiliations Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Keertan Dheda

keertan.dheda@uct.ac.za

Affiliations Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Infection, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KS KD MB. Performed the experiments: KS KD MB. Analyzed the data: KS ES EP GS RVZS GT RL XP PW TCV PVH MG RW MB KD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KD RW. Wrote the paper: KS ES EP GS RVZS GT RL XP PW TCV PVH MG RW MB KD.