About the Authors

Anna Engström

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden

Teresa Zardán Gómez de la Torre

Affiliation Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

Maria Strømme

Affiliation Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

Mats Nilsson

Contributed equally to this work with: Mats Nilsson, David Herthnek

mats.nilsson@scilifelab.se

Affiliation Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

David Herthnek

Contributed equally to this work with: Mats Nilsson, David Herthnek

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: MN holds stock in the company Olink Bioscience that holds commercial rights to padlock probes. MS and MN holds parts of a patent on the VAM-NDA technique. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AE MS MN DH. Performed the experiments: AE TZ DH. Analyzed the data: AE TZ MS MN DH. Wrote the paper: AE TZ DH.