About the Authors

Erfan Salahinejad

Affiliations Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, Center for Electrochemical Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America

Mohammad Jafar Hadianfard

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Digby Donald Macdonald

Affiliations Center for Electrochemical Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Research Excellence in Corrosion, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Samin Sharifi-Asl

Affiliation Center for Electrochemical Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Masoud Mozafari

Affiliations Center for Electrochemical Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America

Kenneth J. Walker

Affiliation School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America

Armin Tahmasbi Rad

Affiliation Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America

Sundararajan V. Madihally

Affiliation School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America

Lobat Tayebi

lobat.tayebi@okstate.edu

Affiliations Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America, School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ES MJH DDM SVM LT. Performed the experiments: ES SS MM KJW ATR. Analyzed the data: ES DDM SS. Wrote the paper: ES. Provided intellectual and technical guidance: LT. Performed final edits of the manuscript: LT. Principal investigator of the supporting grant: LT.