About the Authors

Takeo Kurihara

takeo@affrc.go.jp

Affiliation Ariake Yatsushiro Center, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Nagasaki City, Japan

Hideaki Yamada

Affiliation Research Center for Subtropical Fisheries, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Okinawa, Japan

Ken Inoue

Affiliation Ishigaki Branch, Okinawa Prefectural Fisheries & Ocean Research Center, Okinawa, Japan

Kenji Iwai

Affiliation Okinawa Prefectural Sea Farming Center, Okinawa, Japan

Masayuki Hatta

Affiliation Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TK. Performed the experiments: TK HY KI KI. Analyzed the data: TK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TK KI KI MH. Wrote the paper: TK MH.