About the Authors

Djesika D. Amendah

damendah@aphrc.org

Affiliation African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya

George Mukamah

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Albert Komba

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Carolyne Ndila

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya

Thomas N. Williams

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya, INDEPTH Network of Demographic Surveillance Sites, Accra, Ghana, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Global Network for Sickle Cell Disease, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Collected the data: DDA GM TNW. Conceived and designed the experiments: DDA. Analyzed the data: DDA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AK CN. Wrote the paper: DDA. Revised the manuscript: GM CN TNW.