About the Authors

Sabrina Greulich

Contributed equally to this work with: Sabrina Greulich, Weena J. Y. Chen

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany

Weena J. Y. Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Sabrina Greulich, Weena J. Y. Chen

Affiliation Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Bujar Maxhera

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Luuk J. Rijzewijk

Affiliation Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Rutger W. van der Meer

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Jacqueline T. Jonker

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Heidi Mueller

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany

Daniella Herzfeld de Wiza

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany

Ralf-Ruediger Floerke

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany

Konstantinos Smiris

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Hildo J. Lamb

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Albert de Roos

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Jeroen J. Bax

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Johannes A. Romijn

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Jan W. A. Smit

Current address: Department of General Internal Medicine 463, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Payam Akhyari

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Artur Lichtenberg

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Juergen Eckel

Affiliation Paul Langerhans Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany

Michaela Diamant

Affiliation Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

D. Margriet Ouwens

margriet.ouwens@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany, Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

Competing Interests

JJB received grants from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Biotronik, St. Jude Medicial, BMS Medical Imaging, Edwards Lifesciences and GE Healthcare. MD is a consultant and speaker for Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk and Merck, Sharp and Dohme and Sanofi, and a consultant for Astra-Zeneca/BMS. Through MD the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam has received research grants from Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Sharp and Dohme and Sanofi. MD receives no personal payments in connection to the above-mentioned activities, but all payments are directly transferred to the Institutional Research Foundation. The other authors have no conflicts of interest. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SG WJYC JE MD DMO. Performed the experiments: SG WJYC LJR RWvdM JTJ HM DHdW RRF. Analyzed the data: SG WJYC BM LJR RWvdM JTJ HM DHdW RRF KS HJL AdR JJB JAR JWAS PA AL JE MD DMO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BM KS PA AL. Wrote the paper: SG WJYC MD DMO.