About the Authors

Yoko Yokoyama

info@dentalpbrn.jp

Affiliations Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Naoki Kakudate

Affiliations Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan

Futoshi Sumida

Affiliation Nagayama Family Dental Clinic, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yuki Matsumoto

Affiliation Wing Town Dental Clinic, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

Gregg H. Gilbert

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Valeria V. Gordan

Affiliation Department of Restorative Dental Sciences at the University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Competing Interests

Two authors are dentists employed by a dental clinic (Dr. Futoshi Sumida: Nagayama Family Dental Clinic and Dr. Yuki Matsumoto: Wing Town Dental Clinic). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Revised and reviewed the paper: YY NK FS YM GHG VVG. Conceived and designed the experiments: YY NK FS YM GHG VVG. Performed the experiments: NK YM FS. Analyzed the data: YY NK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YY NK FS YM GHG VVG. Wrote the paper: YY NK.