About the Authors

Matthew R. Gingo

Affiliation Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

G. K. Balasubramani

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Lawrence Kingsley

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Charles R. Rinaldo Jr

Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Christine B. Alden

Affiliation WIHS Data Management and Analysis Center, Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Roger Detels

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Ruth M. Greenblatt

Affiliations Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Nancy A. Hessol

Affiliations Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Susan Holman

Affiliation Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America

Laurence Huang

Affiliation Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Eric C. Kleerup

Affiliation Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

John Phair

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Sarah H. Sutton

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Eric C. Seaberg

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Joseph B. Margolick

Affiliation Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Stephen R. Wisniewski

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alison Morris

morrisa@upmc.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Statistical analysis: MG GB SW AM. Conceived and designed the experiments: MG LK AM. Analyzed the data: MG GB LK CR CA RD RG NH SH LH EK JP SS ES JM SW AM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GB LK CR RD RG NH SH LH JP SS JM SW. Wrote the paper: MG AM.