About the Authors

Iftikhar Ahmed

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, University of Bristol/Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom

Rosemary Greenwood

Affiliation Department of Research and Development, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom

Ben de Lacy Costello

Affiliation Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Norman M. Ratcliffe

norman.ratcliffe@uwe.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

Chris S. Probert

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Supervision of experimental work and funding acquisition: CSP. Study concept and design: IA CSP NR. Supervision of data analysis and interpretation: IA CSP RG. Critical revision of the manuscript: IA CSP NR BDC. Conceived and designed the experiments: IA CSP NR. Performed the experiments: IA. Analyzed the data: IA RG CSP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IA CSP NR. Wrote the paper: IA.