About the Authors

Sarah A. Figley

Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah A. Figley, Yonghong Chen

Affiliations Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Neuroscience Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Yonghong Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah A. Figley, Yonghong Chen

Affiliation Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Azusa Maeda

Affiliation Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Leigh Conroy

Affiliation Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jesse D. McMullen

Affiliation Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jason I. Silver

Affiliation Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Shawn Stapleton

Affiliation Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Alex Vitkin

Affiliations Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Radiation Physics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Patricia Lindsay

Affiliation Department of Radiation Physics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kelly Burrell

Affiliation Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Neuroscience Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Gelareh Zadeh

Affiliation Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Neuroscience Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael G. Fehlings

Affiliations Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Neuroscience Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ralph S. DaCosta

rdacosta@uhnres.utoronto.ca

Affiliations Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Radiation Physics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Designed the window chambers: JIS JDM. Conceived and designed the experiments: RSD. Performed the experiments: SAF YC AM LC JDM JIS SS PL KB GZ. Analyzed the data: SAF YC AM LC SS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AV GZ MGF RSD. Wrote the paper: SAF YC AM LC RSD.