About the Authors

Robin G. Walters

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Lachlan J. M. Coin

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Aimo Ruokonen

Affiliations Institute of Diagnostics, Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Adam J. de Smith

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Julia S. El-Sayed Moustafa

Affiliation Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Sebastien Jacquemont

Affiliation Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

Paul Elliott

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Tõnu Esko

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Anna-Liisa Hartikainen

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Jaana Laitinen

Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland

Katrin Männik

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, The Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Danielle Martinet

Affiliation Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

David Meyre

Affiliations CNRS 8199-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Matthias Nauck

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany

Claudia Schurmann

Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany

Rob Sladek

Affiliations McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Gudmar Thorleifsson

Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland

Unnur Thorsteinsdóttir

Affiliations deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Armand Valsesia

Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Gerard Waeber

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

Flore Zufferey

Affiliation Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

Beverley Balkau

Affiliations INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France, University Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France

François Pattou

Affiliations INSERM U859, Lille, France, Université Lille Nord de France, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France

Andres Metspalu

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Henry Völzke

Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany

Peter Vollenweider

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

Kári Stefansson

Affiliations deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Marjo-Riitta Järvelin

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland

Jacques S. Beckmann

Affiliations Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Philippe Froguel

a.blakemore@imperial.ac.uk (AIFB); p.froguel@imperial.ac.uk (PF)

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, CNRS 8199-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France

Alexandra I. F. Blakemore

a.blakemore@imperial.ac.uk (AIFB); p.froguel@imperial.ac.uk (PF)

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The association of GT, UT and KS with a commercial company (deCODE Genetics) does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RGW AIFB JSB PF LJMC. Performed the experiments: RGW AJdS JSESM TE KM D. Martinet MN CS GT AV FZ. Analyzed the data: RGW LJMC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RGW LJMC AR SJ PE A-LH JL D. Meyre RS UT GW BB FP AM HV PV KS M-RJ JSB PF AIFB. Wrote the paper: RGW AIFB LJMC SJ JSB D. Meyre.