About the Authors

Juma A. M. Ali

Contributed equally to this work with: Juma A. M. Ali, Daniel N. A. Tagoe

Affiliations Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Al Jabal Al Gharbi University, Gharyan, Libya

Daniel N. A. Tagoe

Contributed equally to this work with: Juma A. M. Ali, Daniel N. A. Tagoe

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Jane C. Munday

Affiliations Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Anne Donachie

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Liam J. Morrison

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom

Harry P. de Koning

Harry.de-Koning@glasgow.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JCM HdK. Performed the experiments: JAMA DNAT AD. Analyzed the data: LJM HPdK. Wrote the paper: HPdK.