About the Authors

Maimuna Mendy

mendym@iarc.fr

Current address: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Ingrid Peterson

Current address: Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Safayet Hossin

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Tom Peto

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Momodou L. Jobarteh

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Adam Jeng-Barry

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Mamadi Sidibeh

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Abdoulie Jatta

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa

Sophie E. Moore

Affiliation MRC Keneba, MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia

Andrew J. Hall

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Hilton Whittle

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia, Banjul, the Gambia, West Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Performed the field work: MM HW IP AH MS AJ MLJ TP SH. Reviewed and commented on the manuscript: MM IP SH TP MLJ AJB MS AJ SEM AH HW. Conceived and designed the experiments: MM HW IP AH SEM SH TP. Performed the experiments: MM AJB MLJ. Analyzed the data: MM IP SH. Wrote the paper: MM IP HW.