About the Authors

Muhammad Saleem

Affiliation Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom

Stephen M. Prince

Affiliation Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, United Kingdom

Stephen E. J. Rigby

Affiliation Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, United Kingdom

Muhammad Imran

Affiliation Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom

Hema Patel

Affiliation National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Hannah Chan

Affiliation National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Holly Sanders

Affiliation National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Martin C. J. Maiden

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom

Ian M. Feavers

Affiliation National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Jeremy P. Derrick

Jeremy.Derrick@manchester.ac.uk

Affiliation Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MS SMP SEJR MCJM IMF JPD. Performed the experiments: MS SEJR MI HP HC HS JPD. Analyzed the data: MS SMP SEJR HS MCJM IMF JPD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMP SEJR HP HC HS. Wrote the paper: JPD MS IMF MCJM SMP SEJR.