About the Authors

Gareth A. D. Hardy

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Scott Sieg

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Benigno Rodriguez

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Donald Anthony

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Cleveland Veterans’ Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Robert Asaad

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Wei Jiang

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Joseph Mudd

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Timothy Schacker

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Nicholas T. Funderburg

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Heather A. Pilch-Cooper

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Robert Debernardo

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Ronald L. Rabin

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunobiochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Michael M. Lederman

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Clifford V. Harding

cvh3@cwru.edu

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GADH SS BR DA JM TS RLR MML CVH. Performed the experiments: GADH WJ JM NTF HAP. Analyzed the data: GADH SS BR DA RA WJ JM TS RLR MML CVH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DA RA RD TS. Wrote the paper: GADH MML GADH SS BR RLR CVH.