About the Authors

Jing Zhang

Contributed equally to this work with: Jing Zhang, Yujuan Shen

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Yujuan Shen

Contributed equally to this work with: Jing Zhang, Yujuan Shen

amyshyj12@163.com (YS); caojp@yahoo.com (JC)

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Zhongying Yuan

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Jianhai Yin

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Wei Zang

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Yuxin Xu

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Weiyuan Lu

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Yanjuan Wang

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Ying Wang

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Jianping Cao

amyshyj12@163.com (YS); caojp@yahoo.com (JC)

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JC YS JZ. Performed the experiments: JZ YS ZY JY WZ YX WL Ying Wang Yanjuan Wang. Analyzed the data: YS JZ JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JC YS. Wrote the paper: JZ YS JC.