About the Authors

Rebecca Hardy

r.hardy@nshd.mrc.ac.uk

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing and Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Rachel Cooper

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing and Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Avan Aihie Sayer

Affiliation Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Yoav Ben-Shlomo

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Cyrus Cooper

Affiliations Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health and Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Ian J. Deary

Affiliation Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Panayotes Demakakos

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

John Gallacher

Affiliation Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Richard M. Martin

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Geraldine McNeill

Affiliation Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

John M. Starr

Affiliations Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Geriatric Medicine Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andrew Steptoe

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Holly Syddall

Affiliation Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Diana Kuh

Affiliation Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing and Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

on behalf of the HALCyon study team

Membership of the HALCyon Study team is provided in the Acknowledgments

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Interpretation of results: RH RC DK. Acquisition of data: RH RC AAS YBS CC IJD PD JG RMM GM JMS AS HS DK. Critical revision of the manuscript: RC AAS YBS CC IJD PD JG RMM GM JMS AS HS DK. Conceived and designed the experiments: RH RC DK. Analyzed the data: RH. Wrote the paper: RH.