About the Authors

Maurizio A. Leone

maurizio.leone@maggioreosp.novara.it

Affiliations MS Centre, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy

Olga Raymkulova

Affiliation MS Centre, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy

Paola Naldi

Affiliation MS Centre, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy

Piergiorgio Lochner

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Hospital Tappeiner, Merano, Italy

Laura Bolamperti

Affiliation SCDU Neurologia, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy

Lorenzo Coppo

Affiliation SCDU Neurologia, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy

Alessandro Stecco

Affiliation Istituto di Radiologia Diagnostica e Interventistica, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy

William Liboni

Affiliation SNC Neurology, Gradenigo Hospital, Torino, Italy; and Fondazione “Un passo insieme,” Valdellatorre, Italy

Competing Interests

Maurizio A. Leone has received funds for travel, and research grants from Merck-Serono, Biogen-Idec, and Sanofi Aventis, and has been invited to meeting by ESAOTE. He is Associate Editor of the European Journal of Neurology. William Liboni was supported by ESAOTE for his course at the Zamboni laboratory. Paola Naldi has received funds for travel from Merck-Serono. Alessandro Stecco, Laura Bolamperti, Lorenzo Coppo, Piergiorgio Lochner, and Olga Raymkulova have nothing to disclose. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAL AS. Performed the experiments: PL LB LC WL OR. Analyzed the data: MAL PN. Wrote the paper: MAL WB AS.