About the Authors

Daisuke Fujikura

Current address: Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Affiliations Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Innovation Plaza Hokkaido, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan

Satoko Chiba

Affiliation Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Daisuke Muramatsu

Affiliations Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Mika Kazumata

Affiliations Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yosuke Nakayama

Current address: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Affiliation Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Taro Kawai

Affiliations Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Shizuo Akira

Affiliations Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Hiroshi Kida

Affiliations Japan Science and Technology Agency, Innovation Plaza Hokkaido, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Office International des Epizooties (OIE) Reference Laboratory for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Tadaaki Miyazaki

miyazaki@pop.med.hokudai.ac.jp

Current address: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Affiliations Department of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Innovation Plaza Hokkaido, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DF TM. Performed the experiments: DF SC DM MK YN. Analyzed the data: DF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TK SA HK. Wrote the paper: DF TM.