About the Authors

Vicente Castro

Affiliations Nofima AS, Ås, Norway, Institute of Animal Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Ås, Norway

Barbara Grisdale-Helland

Affiliations Aquaculture Protein Centre, Ås, Norway, Nofima AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway

Ståle J. Helland

Affiliations Institute of Animal Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Ås, Norway, Aquaculture Protein Centre, Ås, Norway, Nofima AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway

Jacob Torgersen

Affiliation Nofima AS, Ås, Norway

Torstein Kristensen

Affiliation Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Bodø, Norway

Guy Claireaux

Affiliation Laboratoire des Sciences de ĺEnvironnement Marin (LEMAR), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, & Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, Ifremer, Plouzané, France

Anthony P. Farrell

Affiliation Faculty of Land and Food Systems, & Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Harald Takle

harald.takle@nofima.no

Affiliations Nofima AS, Ås, Norway, AVS Chile SA, Puerto Varas, Chile

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Nofima AS is not a commercial company but a governmental own non-profit research institute. Nofima do independent research and this study was supported by two public funding bodies: the norwegian research council (NRC) and the fishery and aquaculture research fund (FHF).

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HT BGH SH GC AF. Performed the experiments: VC BGH SH HT TK JT. Analyzed the data: VC BGH JT HT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JT. Wrote the paper: VC BGH SH JT TK GC AF HT.