About the Authors

Jun Zhao

Affiliation Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Shaoyi Wang

Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Jianqiang Bao

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America

Xiaojuan Sun

Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

Xiaochen Zhang

Affiliation Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Xiuli Zhang

Affiliation Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Dongxia Ye

Affiliation Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Jie Wei

Affiliation Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

Changsheng Liu

Affiliation Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

Xinquan Jiang

Affiliation Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Gang Shen

zhzhy@omschina.org.cn (ZZ); gangshen@orthosh.com (GS)

Affiliations Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Zhiyuan Zhang

zhzhy@omschina.org.cn (ZZ); gangshen@orthosh.com (GS)

Affiliations Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JZ SW JB GS ZZ. Performed the experiments: JZ SW JB XS Xiaochen Zhang. Analyzed the data: JZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Xiuli Zhang DY JW CL XJ GS ZZ. Wrote the paper: JZ.