About the Authors

J. Emmett Duffy

jeduffy@vims.edu

Affiliation Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, United States of America

Kenneth S. Macdonald III

Affiliation Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America

Kristin M. Hultgren

Affiliation Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Tin Chi Solomon Chak

Affiliation Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, United States of America

Dustin R. Rubenstein

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

Co-author Dustin Rubenstein is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member. His contribution as a co-author does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JED DRR KSM TCSC. Performed the experiments: JED KSM KMH TCSC DRR. Analyzed the data: JED. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JED KSM KMH TCSC DRR. Wrote the paper: JED KSM KMH TCSC DRR.