About the Authors

Jonathan Friedman

Affiliation Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eric J. Alm

ejalm@mit.edu (EJA); bshapiro@fas.harvard.edu (BJS)

Affiliations Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

B. Jesse Shapiro

ejalm@mit.edu (EJA); bshapiro@fas.harvard.edu (BJS)

Current address: Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada

Affiliations Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JF EJA BJS. Performed the experiments: JF BJS. Analyzed the data: BJS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JF BJS EJA. Wrote the paper: JF BJS EJA.