About the Authors

Montserrat Vilà

montse.vila@ebd.csic.es

Affiliation Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain

Amparo Carrillo-Gavilán

Affiliation Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain

Jordi Vayreda

Affiliation Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

Harald Bugmann

Affiliation Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Jonas Fridman

Affiliation Swedish National Forest Inventory, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden

Wojciech Grodzki

Affiliation Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Management in Mountain Regions, Kraków, Poland

Josephine Haase

Affiliations Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Ecosystem Management, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Georges Kunstler

Affiliation Irstea, UR Ecosystèmes Montagnards, ST-Martin-D'heres, France

MartJan Schelhaas

Affiliation Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Antoni Trasobares

Affiliation Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Contributed with data: JV HB JF GK MS AT. Conceived and designed the experiments: MV JV HB JH GK MS AT WG. Analyzed the data: AC-G MV. Wrote the paper: MV.