About the Authors

Yunjuan Gu

Contributed equally to this work with: Yunjuan Gu, Chunfang Wang

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

Chunfang Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Yunjuan Gu, Chunfang Wang

Affiliation Department of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

Ying Zheng

Affiliation Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

Xuhong Hou

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Yifei Mo

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Weihui Yu

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Lei Zhang

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Cheng Hu

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Hairong Nan

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Lei Chen

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Jie Li

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Yuxiang Liu

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Zhezhou Huang

Affiliation Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

Ming Han

Affiliation Department of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

Yuqian Bao

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Weijian Zhong

Affiliation The vice-director of the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

Weiping Jia

wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WJ YG YB. Performed the experiments: YG CW YZ YB XH JL ZH MH YL WZ. Analyzed the data: WJ YG HN CH LC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YG LZ XH CH JL. Wrote the paper: YG HN YM WY.