About the Authors

Kristina B. Clark

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Sansanee Noisakran

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand

Nattawat Onlamoon

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Hui-Mien Hsiao

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

John Roback

Affiliation Center for Emory Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Francois Villinger

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Aftab A. Ansari

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Guey Chuen Perng

gperng@emory.edu

Affiliations Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KBC SN NO FV AAA GCP. Performed the experiments: KBC SN NO HMH. Analyzed the data: KBC SN JR NO FV AAA GCP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FV JB. Wrote the paper: KBC SN FV AAA GCP. Performed EM and the immunohistochemistry staining: KBC. Performed the subset of the EM: SN. Performed real time PCR and ELISA: HMH. Assisted in IRB protocol approval and obtained human bone marrow samples for the study: JR. Directed the IACUC protocol: FV. Obtained monkey bone marrow samples for the experiments: FV. Assisted in approval of IACUC protocol: AAA. Wrote the IACUC and IRB protocol: GCP.