About the Authors

Xuefei Ye

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

Qingquan Lian

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

Maryellen F. Eckenhoff

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Roderic G. Eckenhoff

roderic.eckenhoff@uphs.upenn.edu

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jonathan Z. Pan

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JZP. Performed the experiments: XY JZP. Analyzed the data: XY JZP MFE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RGE QL. Wrote the paper: JZP XY MFE RGE QL.