About the Authors

Judith E. Mueller

Current address: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rennes/Paris, France

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Seydou Yaro

Affiliation Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Macaire S. Ouédraogo

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourou Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Natalia Levina

Affiliation GNRC Streptococci, Aachen, Germany

Berthe-Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Haoua Tall

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Régina S. Idohou

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Oumarou Sanou

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Sita S. Kroman

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Aly Drabo

Affiliation Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Boubacar Nacro

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourou Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Athanase Millogo

Affiliation Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourou Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Mark van der Linden

Affiliation GNRC Streptococci, Aachen, Germany

Bradford D. Gessner

bgessner@aamp.org

Affiliation Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France

Competing Interests

JEM, HT, BMNL, RSI, and BDG work for AMP which receives unrestricted support from Sanofi Pasteur and grant specific support from Sanofi Pasteur, GSK, Merck, Pfizer, and Crucell. MVDL received research grants and honoraria from Pfizer, GSK, Sanofi Pasteur, and MSD. No other conflicts exist. For members of AMP, this relation was (and is) indirect via unrestricted funding from Sanofi Pasteur to AMP and specific project funding; no AMP authors have individual conflicts of interest (employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or marketed products etc). MVDL received consultancy and project funding, but not employment, patents, products in development or marketed products. At no time was the funder involved in analyses, interpretation of the results or manuscript writing. Altogether, these relations do not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JEM SY NL BMNL MVDL BDG. Performed the experiments: JEM SY MSO NL BMNL HT RSI OS SSK AD BN AM. Analyzed the data: JEM SY HT. Wrote the paper: JEM BDG.