About the Authors

Bijaya Malla

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

David Stucki

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Sonia Borrell

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Julia Feldmann

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Bhagwan Maharjan

Affiliation German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal

Bhawana Shrestha

Affiliation German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal

Lukas Fenner

Contributed equally to this work with: Lukas Fenner, Sebastien Gagneux

lfenner@ispm.unibe.ch (LF); Sebastien.Gagneux@unibas.ch (SG)

Affiliation Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Sebastien Gagneux

Contributed equally to this work with: Lukas Fenner, Sebastien Gagneux

lfenner@ispm.unibe.ch (LF); Sebastien.Gagneux@unibas.ch (SG)

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Competing Interests

Sebastien Gagneux is an editorial member of PLOS ONE. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: B. Malla SG. Performed the experiments: B. Malla DS SB JF. Analyzed the data: B. Malla DS SB LF SG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: B. Malla DS JF B. Maharjan BS LF SG. Wrote the paper: B. Malla DS SB JF B. Maharjan BS LF SG. Met the criteria of the ICMJE and approved the final version of the manuscript: B. Malla DS SB JF B. Maharjan BS LF SG.