About the Authors

Minna K. Karjalainen

minna.k.karjalainen@oulu.fi

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Johanna M. Huusko

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Johanna Ulvila

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Jenni Sotkasiira

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Aino Luukkonen

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Kari Teramo

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Jevon Plunkett

Affiliation Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Verneri Anttila

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Aarno Palotie

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ritva Haataja

Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Louis J. Muglia

Affiliation Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Childreńs Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Mikko Hallman

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MKK AL JP AP RH LJM MH. Performed the experiments: MKK JMH JU JS RH. Analyzed the data: MKK JMH RH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KT VA LJM MH. Wrote the paper: MKK. Contributed in obtaining patient data and DNA: AL KT. Served as a liaison between the investigators: MH.