About the Authors

Carolina Bonilla

C.Bonilla@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Debbie A. Lawlor

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Amy E. Taylor

Affiliation MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

David J. Gunnell

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Yoav Ben–Shlomo

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Andrew R. Ness

Affiliation School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Nicholas J. Timpson

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Beate St Pourcain

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Susan M. Ring

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Pauline M. Emmett

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

A. David Smith

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Helga Refsum

Affiliations Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Craig E. Pennell

Affiliation School of Women’s and Infant’s Health, University of Western Australia, Australia

Marie-Jo Brion

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Women’s and Infant’s Health, University of Western Australia, Australia

George Davey Smith

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Sarah J. Lewis

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SJL GDS DAL DJG YBS ARN NJT BSP. Performed the experiments: CB AET MJB SJL. Analyzed the data: CB AET MJB SJL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ADS HR CEP. Wrote the paper: CB SJL DAL. Designed and assessed the dietary data: PME. Oversaw the laboratory analyses: SMR. Oversaw the plasma vitamin B-12 assays: ADS, HR. Critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version: CB DAL AET DJG YBS ARN NJT BSP SMR PME ADS HR CEP MJB GDS SJL.