About the Authors

Ruairi M. Gallagher

ruairi.gallagher@nhs.net

Affiliation Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Jennifer R. Mason

Affiliation Research and Development, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Kim A. Bird

Affiliation Research and Development, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Jamie J. Kirkham

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Matthew Peak

Affiliation Research and Development, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Paula R. Williamson

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Anthony J. Nunn

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research Medicines for Children Research Network, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Hospital (previously: Department of Pharmacy, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust), Liverpool, United Kingdom

Mark A. Turner

Affiliation Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Munir Pirmohamed

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Rosalind L. Smyth

Affiliation Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Munir Pirmohamed is NHS Chair of Pharmacogenetics (funded by Department of Health (England)). Rosalind Smyth and Munir Pirmohamed are members of the Commission on Human Medicines. Munir Pirmohamed Chairs the Pharmacovigilance Expert Advisory Group, while Rosalind Smyth Chairs the Paediatric Medicines Expert Advisory Group.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RMG JRM KAB JJK M. Peak PRW AJN MAT M. Pirmohamed RLS. Performed the experiments: RMG JRM KAB AJN MAT M. Pirmohamed RLS. Analyzed the data: RMG JJK PRW. Wrote the paper: RMG JRM KAB JJK M. Peak PRW AJN MAT M. Pirmohamed RLS.