About the Authors

Stephen P. Carter

steve.carter@fera.gsi.gov.uk

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Mark A. Chambers

Affiliation Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom

Stephen P. Rushton

Affiliation School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Mark D. F. Shirley

Affiliation School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Pia Schuchert

Affiliation School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Stéphane Pietravalle

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Alistair Murray

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Fiona Rogers

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom

George Gettinby

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Graham C. Smith

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Richard J. Delahay

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom

R. Glyn Hewinson

Affiliation Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom

Robbie A. McDonald

Affiliation Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SPC MAC GCS RJD RGH. Performed the experiments: SPC MAC FR RJD. Analyzed the data: SPR MDFS PS SP AM GG GCS. Wrote the paper: SPC MAC SPR RJD RAM.