About the Authors

Chi Zhang

Affiliations Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Xuemian Lu

Affiliation Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

Yi Tan

Affiliations The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Bing Li

Affiliations Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China

Xiao Miao

Affiliations Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China

Litai Jin

Affiliation The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

Xue Shi

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Xiang Zhang

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Lining Miao

Affiliation The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China

Xiaokun Li

xiaokunli@163.net (XKL); l0cai001@louisville.edu (LC)

Affiliation The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China

Lu Cai

xiaokunli@163.net (XKL); l0cai001@louisville.edu (LC)

Affiliations Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, at the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Radiation Oncology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CZ XKL LC. Performed the experiments: CZ XML YT BL XM LJ XS XZ LM. Analyzed the data: CZ LC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XKL LC. Wrote the paper: CZ XML LC.