About the Authors

Jilian Li

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China

Haoran Qin

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China

Jie Wu

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China

Ben M. Sadd

Affiliation Experimental Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich Universitätstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland

Xiuhong Wang

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China

Jay D. Evans

Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Wenjun Peng

bumblebeeljl@hotmail.com (WP); judy.chen@ars.usda.gov (YC)

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China

Yanping Chen

bumblebeeljl@hotmail.com (WP); judy.chen@ars.usda.gov (YC)

Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JL YC WP. Performed the experiments: HQ JL XW. Analyzed the data: JL YC JW WP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL YC JE BS WP. Wrote the paper: JL YC BS JE.